chicago pile 2 location

Instead, the uranium oxide, heated to 250 °C (480 °F) to dry it out, was pressed into cylindrical holes 3 inches (7.6 cm) long and 3 inches (7.6 cm) in diameter drilled into the graphite. Surveys conducted in the 1980s found strontium-90 in the soil at Plot M, trace amounts of tritium in nearby wells, and plutonium, technetium, caesium, and uranium in the area. [61] He visited the Metallurgical Laboratory for the first time on 5 October. It also meant that there was greater latitude in the choice of materials for coolant pipes and control mechanisms. The original design was for a spherical pile, but as work proceeded, it became clear that this would not be necessary. [63][77] A block and tackle was used to haul it into place, with the top secured to the ceiling and three sides to the walls. The uranium oxide was heated to remove moisture, and packed into the cans while still hot on a shaking table. Drill bits had to be sharpened after each 60 holes, which worked out to be about once an hour. It is marked by a commemorative boulder. 11.3 Metal Shell and H-piles 32 . They were able to manipulate the heavy cans with ease. At the 15th layer, it was 390; at the 19th it was 320; at the 25th it was 270 and by the 36th it was only 149. The reactor was assembled in November 1942, by a team that included Fermi, Leo Szilard (who had previously formulated an idea for non-fission chain reaction), Leona Woods, Herbert L. Anderson, Walter Zinn, Martin D. Whitaker, and George Weil. When a fuel atom undergoes fission, it releases neutrons that strike other fuel atoms in a chain reaction. [97][94] The pile had run for about 4.5 minutes at about 0.5 watts. [42] In May 1941, Emilio Segrè and Glenn Seaborg produced 28 μg of plutonium-239 in the 60-inch (150 cm) cyclotron at the University of California, and found that it had 1.7 times the thermal neutron capture cross section of uranium-235. A 25-foot (7.6 m) cube-shaped balloon was somewhat unusual, but the Manhattan Project's AAA priority rating ensured prompt delivery with no questions asked. There, it was operated for research until 1954, when it was dismantled and buried. Auto Pound #2 located at. Due to industrial disputes, construction fell behind schedule, and it became clear the materials for Fermi's new pile would be on hand before the new structure was completed. c Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first artificial nuclear reactor.On 2 December 1942, the first human-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was initiated in CP-1, during an experiment led by Enrico Fermi.The secret development of the reactor was the first major technical achievement for the Manhattan Project, the Allied effort to create atomic bombs during World War II. As the dangers of things such as inhaling uranium oxide became more apparent, experiments were conducted on the effects of radioactive substances on laboratory test animals. There remained concerns about the ability of a graphite-moderated reactor being able to produce plutonium on industrial scale, and for this reason the Manhattan Project continued the development of heavy water production facilities. [23] Fermi urged Alfred O. C. Nier to separate uranium isotopes for determination of the fissile component, and, on 29 February 1940, Nier separated the first uranium-235 sample, which, after being mailed to Dunning at Columbia, was confirmed to be the isolated fissile material. #1 Chicago Pile-1 National Register of Historic Places Updated: 2020-05-02 Chicago Pile-1 was the worlds first artificial nuclear reactor. A Photo of Bricks Appearing in Chicago Was an Old Picture. [37] The Einstein–Szilard letter resulted in the establishment of research into nuclear fission by the U.S. [31][33] The resulting product was designated AGOT graphite ("Acheson Graphite Ordinary Temperature") by National Carbon. CP-2 became operational in March 1943, with a k of 1.055. Area: 5.7 mile - 9.1 km radius. CP-2 is defined as Chicago Pile 2 (Argonne Lab reactor) very rarely. CP-2 stands for Chicago Pile 2 (Argonne Lab reactor). "Site A" was an early Manhattan Project code for the facility. The pile was then dismantled and moved to Site A in the Argonne Forest, today known as Red Gate Woods. #1 Chicago Pile-5 Unclassified Updated: 2020-05-02 Chicago Pile-5 was the last of the line of Chicago Pile research reactors which started with CP-1 in 1942. The secret development of the reactor was the first major technical achievement for the Manhattan Project, the Allied effort to create atomic bombs during World War II. It was surrounded by concrete walls 5 feet (1.5 m) thick that acted as a radiation shielding, with overhead protection from 6 inches (15 cm) of lead and 50 inches (130 cm) of wood. [93][94] Norman Hilberry stood ready with an axe to cut the scram line, which would allow the zip to fall under the influence of gravity. At the time only such minute quantities of plutonium-239 had been produced, in cyclotrons, and it was not possible to produce a sufficiently large quantity that way. Area: 0.6 mile - 0.9 km radius. On December 2, 1942, the Chicago Pile-1 went critical and reached a thermal output … Scene shifts to different area where a sign reads: "5655, Institute for the Study of Metals, Delivery Entrance." But because of the urgency and their confidence in Fermi's calculations, no one objected. In the simplest case of an unreflected, homogeneous, spherical reactor, the critical radius was calculated to be approximately: There were 49 scientists present. Chicago Pile 1 was the world's first nuclear reactor, built in 1942 by Nobel Prize winner Enrico Fermi. Because the experiments were deemed too dangerous to conduct in a major city, the operations were moved to a spot in nearby Palos Hills and renamed “Argonne” after the surrounding forest. [72] Although Groves "had serious misgivings about the wisdom of Compton's suggestion", he did not interfere. The roughly spherical form of the structure is shown as is some of the supporting framework. Conant: How were the natives? For a workforce, Pegram secured the services of Columbia's football team. Chicago Weather: Warming Trend On The WayCBS 2 Meteorologist Robb Ellis has the 10 p.m. forecast for Friday, Dec. 25, 2020. Fermi directed the project. As part of the cleanup, 500 cubic yards (380 m3) of radioactive waste was removed and sent to the Hanford Site for disposal. π [69], Though held secret for a decade, Szilard and Fermi jointly patented the design, with an initial filing date of 19 December 1944 as the neutronic reactor no. R The commemorative plaques from 1952, 1965 and 1967 are nearby. [109] An accident involving radium and beryllium powder caused a dangerous drop in his white blood cell count that lasted for three years. Here’s an … [65] Shipments of high-purity graphite arrived, mainly from National Carbon, and high-purity uranium dioxide from Mallinckrodt in St Louis, which was now producing 30 short tons (27 t) a month. At Columbia University in New York, Italian physicist, Enrico Fermi, with Americans John Dunning, Herbert L. Anderson, Eugene T. Booth, G. Norris Glasoe, and Francis G. Slack conducted the first nuclear fission experiment in the United States on 25 January 1939. [76], Chicago Pile-1 was encased within a balloon so that the air inside could be replaced by carbon dioxide. [92] Other dignitaries present included Szilard, Wigner and Spedding. CP-2 was joined by Chicago Pile-3, the first heavy water reactor, which went critical on 15 May 1944. [32], Over the next two years, MacPherson, Hamister and Lauchlin M. Currie developed thermal purification techniques for the large scale production of low boron content graphite. [93] Samuel Allison stood ready with a bucket of concentrated cadmium nitrate, which he was to throw over the pile in the event of an emergency. The Day Tomorrow Began: The Story of Chicago Pile 1, the First Atomic Pile - 1 of 2 - Duration: 25:47. Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. He then announced that it was lunch time. [21] They conducted a simple experiment on the seventh floor of Pupin Hall at Columbia, using a radium-beryllium source to bombard uranium with neutrons. The scientists persuaded the Army and Navy to provide $6,000 for Szilard to purchase supplies for experiments—in particular, more graphite. The cheapest way to get from Chicago Midway Airport (MDW) to Chicago Pile-1 costs only $0, and the quickest way takes just 14 mins. [84] Fermi divided the square of the radius of the pile by the intensity of the radioactivity to obtain a metric that counted down to one as the pile approached criticality. k The first reactor built on the Argonne National Laboratory-East site, it operated from 1954-1979. Chicago Pile-1, Scale Model is a photograph by Science Source which was uploaded on August 3rd, 2015. He also discussed the prospects for uranium enrichment with Harold Urey. It was a stack of forty thousand graphite blocks, held together in a wooden frame, twenty-five feet wide and twenty feet tall. [80] For a work force they hired thirty high school dropouts that were eager to earn a bit of money before being drafted into the Army. [17][18] Subsequent work confirmed that fast neutrons were indeed produced by fission. [46] He proposed a schedule to achieve a controlled nuclear chain reaction by January 1943, and to have an atomic bomb by January 1945. The world première of a new work, The Curve is Exponential, by composers Joey Brink and (graduate student in Music) Ted Moore, commissioned by the University of Chicago for the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the first self-sustaining nuclear reaction, led by Professor Enrico Fermi. CP-2 began operation in March 1943. [3], Today the site of the old Stagg Field is occupied by the University's Regenstein Library, which was opened in 1970, and the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library, which was opened in 2011. CP-2 had a thermal- power level of 10 kW and was fueled … [7] He filed a patent for his idea of a simple nuclear reactor the following year. [48][52], Compton felt that having teams at Columbia University, Princeton University, the University of Chicago and the University of California was creating too much duplication and not enough collaboration, and he resolved to concentrate the work in one location. [93], The experiment resumed at 14:00. [34] By November 1942 National Carbon had shipped 255 short tons (231 t) of AGOT graphite to the University of Chicago,[35] where it became the primary source of graphite to be used in the construction of Chicago Pile-1. [81][89] It contained 6 short tons (5.4 t) of uranium metal, 50 short tons (45 t) of uranium oxide and 400 short tons (360 t) of graphite, at an estimated cost of $2.7 million. [78] The first layer placed was made up entirely of graphite blocks, with no uranium. The cans were 8-by-8-by-8-inch (20 by 20 by 20 cm) cubes. 11. At the new, isolated location, the reactor was reassembled with some refinements and modifications and renamed Chicago Pile 2. Chicago Pile Number One, or CP-1 for short, consisted of 40,000 graphite blocks that enclosed 19,000 pieces of uranium metal and uranium oxide fuel. Although the project's civilian and military leaders had misgivings about the possibility of a disastrous runaway reaction, they trusted Fermi's safety calculations and decided they could carry out the experiment in a densely populated area. [60] Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves, Jr. became director of the Manhattan Project on 23 September 1942. Chicago Pile 2 (CP-2) - pictured in March 1943 - was born in early 1943, when Chicago Pile 1, the world's first nuclear reactor, was dismantled and moved to the Cook County Forest Preserve near Palos Hills. [54], Before leaving for Chicago, Fermi's team made one last attempt to build a working pile at Columbia. By 2002, the Illinois Department of Public Health had determined that the remaining materials posed no danger to public health. [50] This was too large to fit in the Pupin Physics Laboratories. [74], Another group, under Volney C. Wilson, was responsible for instrumentation. In 1994, the United States Department of Energy and the Argonne National Laboratory yielded to public pressure and earmarked $24.7 million and $3.4 million respectively to rehabilitate the site. Weil withdrew it 6 inches (15 cm) at a time, with measurements being taken at each step. [94][95] While Leona Woods called out the count from the boron trifluoride detector in a loud voice, George Weil, the only one on the floor, withdrew all but one of the control rods. [31] National Carbon, a chemical company, had taken the then unusual step of hiring MacPherson, a physicist, to research carbon arc lamps, a major commercial use for graphite at that time. I was disillusioned by Fermi himself, who told me that he simply used the common English word pile as synonymous with heap. For this report, he worked with Fermi on calculations of the critical mass of uranium-235. His report, submitted in November, stated that a bomb was feasible. Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first nuclear reactor. [119] A graphite block from CP-1 can be seen at the Bradbury Science Museum in Los Alamos, New Mexico; another is on display at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. Based on considerations of the University's welfare, the only answer he could have given would have been—no. [69], The successful test of CP-1 not only proved that a nuclear reactor was feasible, it demonstrated that the k factor was larger than originally thought. In January 1942, soon after the United States entered World War II, Compton decided on his own location, the University of Chicago, where he knew he had the unstinting support of university administration. It was enough, but a careful design was called for to minimize losses. [47][48], Fermi christened his apparatus a "pile". The Chicago Pile deserved its low-tech name. government. [27] In December 1940, Fermi and Szilard met with Herbert G. MacPherson and Victor C. Hamister at National Carbon to discuss the possible existence of impurities in graphite, and the procurement of graphite of a purity that had never been produced commercially. [121] A Henry Moore sculpture, Nuclear Energy, stands in a small quadrangle just outside the Regenstein Library. [41], Niels Bohr and John Wheeler had theorized that heavy isotopes with odd atomic mass numbers were fissile. On 2 December 1942, the first human-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was initiated in CP-1, during an experiment led by Enrico Fermi. English: Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first nuclear reactor.CP-1 was built on a rackets court, under the abandoned west stands of the original Alonzo Stagg Field stadium, at the University of Chicago.The first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was initiated in CP-1 on December 2, 1942. [43] Compton discussed with Wigner how plutonium might be produced in a nuclear reactor, and with Robert Serber about how that plutonium might be separated from uranium. When a uranium-235 atom undergoes fission, it releases an average of 2.4 neutrons. Walter Zinn removed the zip, the emergency control rod, and secured it. [82] The graphite arrived from the manufacturers in 4.25-by-4.25-inch (10.8 by 10.8 cm) bars of various lengths. [90], The next day, 2 December 1942, everybody assembled for the experiment. I thought for a while that this term was used to refer to a source of nuclear energy in analogy with Volta's use of the Italian term pila to denote his own great invention of a source of electrical energy. The reaction rapidly halted. Find the travel option that best suits you. [45], In a nuclear reactor, criticality is achieved when the rate of neutron production is equal to the rate of neutron losses, including both neutron absorption and neutron leakage. At the new, isolated location, the reactor was reassembled with some refinements and modifications and renamed Chicago Pile 2. [69], By the 1970s there was increased public concern about the levels of radioactivity at the site, which was used by the local residents for recreational purposes. , where M is the average distance that a neutron travels before it is absorbed, and k is the average neutron multiplication factor. We went to Dean Pegram, who was then the man who could carry out magic around the University, and we explained to him that we needed a big room. But this would have been unfair. It was selected after reassurances from Fermi that the probability of an accident was minimal. Developed by the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago, it was built under the west viewing stands of the original Stagg Field. [80] They also fabricated the control rods, which were cadmium sheets nailed to flat wooden strips, cadmium being a potent neutron absorber, and the scram line, a manila rope that when cut would drop a control rod into the pile and stop the reaction. For Abandoned Vehicles. [19][20] Szilard obtained permission from the head of the Physics Department at Columbia, George B. Pegram, to use a laboratory for three months, and persuaded Walter Zinn to become his collaborator. Its first meeting on 21 October 1939 was attended by Szilard, Teller, and Wigner. [30] In the simplest case of an unreflected, homogeneous, spherical reactor, the critical radius was calculated to be approximately:[47]. According to Fermi's new calculations, the countdown would reach 1 between the 56th and 57th layers. 12. r Code-named the “Metallurgical Lab,” the team constructed Chicago Pile-1, which achieved criticality on December 2, 1942, underneath the University of Chicago’s Stagg football field stands. [98] Wigner opened a bottle of Chianti, which they drank from paper cups. [63], Fermi designed a new pile, which would be spherical to maximize k, which was predicted to be around 1.04, thereby achieving criticality. [88] When completed, the wooden frame supported an elliptical-shaped structure, 20 feet (6.1 m) high, 6 feet (1.8 m) wide at the ends and 25 feet (7.6 m) across the middle. 11.2 Precast Concrete Piles 31 . [5] The concept of a nuclear chain reaction was first hypothesized by the Hungarian scientist Leo Szilard on 12 September 1933. President Hutchins was in no position to make an independent judgment of the hazards involved. [8] The discovery of nuclear fission by German chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann in 1938,[9][10] and its theoretical explanation (and naming) by their collaborators Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch,[11][12] opened up the possibility of creating a nuclear chain reaction with uranium, but initial experiments were unsuccessful. Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first artificial nuclear reactor. Compton: The Italian navigator has landed in the New World. [a] Although most of the S-1 Executive Committee was in Chicago, only Crawford Greenewalt was present, at Compton's invitation. The success of Chicago Pile-1 provided the first vivid demonstration of the feasibility of the military use of nuclear energy by the Allies, and the reality of the danger that Nazi Germany could succeed in producing nuclear weapons. The reactor's face contained ports through which materials could be inserted into the core for irradiation. The original idea was to build a nuclear pile at a location in the Argonne Forest about 30 miles outside Chicago, but there were construction problems. A small laboratory atop the 14,000-ton reactor provided space for limited experiments using neutrons from the reactor's core. When filled with uranium oxide, each weighed about 60 pounds (27 kg). Lacking shielding of any kind, it was a radiation hazard for everyone in the vicinity, and further testing was continued at 0.5 W.[101] Operation was terminated on 28 February 1943,[102] and the pile was dismantled and moved to Site A in the Argonne Forest, now known as Red Gate Woods. [45][42] It fell to Compton to decide which of the different types of reactor designs the scientists should pursue, even though a successful reactor had not yet been built. Operation of CP-1 was terminated in February 1943. Thereafter, readings were taken at the end of each shift. The photograph may be purchased as wall art, home decor, apparel, phone cases, greeting cards, and more. The rest was encased in concrete and buried in a 40-foot-deep (12 m) trench in what is now known as the Site A/Plot M Disposal Site. Wartime experiments included measuring the neutron absorption cross-section of elements and compounds. 10.4 Advanced Inspection Tools 30 . The resulting pile was therefore flatter on the top than on the bottom. 2,708,656. The nearby North Stands had a pair of ice skating rinks on the ground floor, which although they were unrefrigerated, seldom melted in winter. ≈ Because of his work studying the spectroscopy of the carbon arc, MacPherson knew that the major relevant contaminant was boron, both because of its concentration and its affinity for absorbing neutrons,[31] confirming a suspicion of Szilard's. They were cut into standard lengths of 16.5 inches (42 cm), each weighing 19 pounds (8.6 kg). As a back-up plan, he considered heavy water. The so-called exponential pile he proposed to build was 8 feet (2.4 m) long, 8 feet (2.4 m) wide and 11 feet (3.4 m) high. [36], Szilard drafted a confidential letter to the President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, warning of a German nuclear weapon project, explaining the possibility of nuclear weapons, and encouraging the development of a program that could result in their creation. The suburban Maryland Class-B apartment market had a 2.1% vacancy rate as of September, and rents remained flat over the previous 12 months, according to Delta Associates. Westinghouse Lamp Plant supplied 3 short tons (2.7 t), which it produced in a rush with a makeshift process. Since the rate of release of these neutrons depends on fission events taking place some time earlier, there is a delay between any power spikes and the later criticality event. [96] At 11:25, Fermi ordered the control rods reinserted. Instead of being spherical, the new reactor was built in a cube-like shape, about 25 feet (7.6 m) tall with a base approximately 30 feet (9.1 m) square. A lathe was used to drill 3.25-inch (8.3 cm) holes in the blocks for the control rods and the uranium. In a nuclear reactor, criticality is achieved when the rate of neutron production is equal to the rate of neutron losses, including both neutron absorption and neutron leakage. [6] Szilard realized that if a nuclear reaction produced neutrons or dineutrons, which then caused further nuclear reactions, the process might be self-perpetuating. The original idea was to build a nuclear pile at a location in the Argonne Forest about 30 miles outside Chicago, but there were construction problems. Compton: Very friendly. Contact us, send us a message or find our location. [117], A commemorative plaque was unveiled at Stagg Field on 2 December 1952, the occasion of the tenth anniversary of CP-1 going critical. Fermi announced that the pile had gone critical (reached a self-sustaining reaction) at 15:25. The entire pile was then canned by soldering sheet metal around it, and the contents heated above the boiling point of water to remove moisture. If so, then plutonium-239 was likely to be. The scientists of what was then called the Metallurgical Laboratory, or “Met Lab,” had arranged the graphite in layers within a 24-foot-square wooden framework. Nuclear Engineering at Argonne 6,585 views This time gives the operators leeway; if a spike in the prompt neutron flux is seen, they have several minutes before this causes a runaway reaction. M She also helped Anderson locate the required large number of 4-by-6-inch (10 by 15 cm) timbers at lumber yards in Chicago's south side. On 12 December 1942, CP-1's power output was increased to 200 W, enough to power a light bulb. The site contains buried radioactive waste from contaminated building debris, and the Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1/CP-2), and Chicago Pile-3 (CP-3) nuclear reactors. 161 N. Sangamon St., 312-243-4016, bonciusa.com 3. The reactor used natural uranium. All products are produced on-demand and shipped worldwide within 2 - 3 business days. January 2017 Pile Foundation Construction Inspection. With the help of Eugene Wigner and Edward Teller, he approached his old friend and collaborator Albert Einstein in August 1939, and convinced him to sign the letter, lending his prestige to the proposal. The idea of a chemical chain reaction was first suggested in 1913 by the German chemist Max Bodenstein for a situation in which two molecules react to form not just the final reaction products, but also some unstable molecules that can further react with the original substances to cause more to react. [70] The subcritical piles posed little danger, but Groves felt that it would be prudent to locate a critical pile—a fully functional nuclear reactor—at a more remote site. The new graphite was purer, and 6 short tons (5.4 t) of very pure metallic uranium began to arrive from the Ames Project at Iowa State University,[85] where a team under Frank Spedding had developed a new process to produce uranium metal. If a neutron absorber, or neutron poison, is injected at any time during this period, the reactor will shut down. When a uranium-235 atom undergoes fission, it releases an average of 2.4 neutrons. [91] Fermi, Compton, Anderson and Zinn gathered around the controls on the balcony, which was originally intended as a viewing platform. Reference Location: Chicago Pile-5. Find all the transport options for your trip from Chicago to Chicago Pile-1 right here. Compton informed Groves of his decision at the 14 November meeting of the S-1 Executive Committee. 1 Since the cans had absorbed neutrons, they were dispensed with. An abandoned rackets court underneath Stagg Field in the middle of the University of Chicago campus was chosen as the test site for the experiment. Anderson had a dark gray balloon manufactured by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. 10.3 Penetration of Piles 28 . Leona Woods and Anthony L. Turkevich played squash there in 1940. The final result was a disappointing k of 0.87. Previously, estimates of critical masses had been crude calculations, leading to order-of-magnitude uncertainties about the size of a hypothetical bomb. Since it was intended for strenuous exercise, the area was unheated, and very cold in the winter. Consequently, the reaction can be controlled with electromechanical control systems such as control rods. City of Chicago Impound Lot, Bessie Coleman Drive, O'Hare International Airport, is open 24hrs a day, 365 days a year. [122] On 2 December 2017, the 75th anniversary, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in restoring a research-graphite pile, similar in design to Chicago Pile-1, ceremonially inserted the final uranium slugs. Albert Wattenberg recalled that about 10 elements were studied each month, and 75 over the course of a year. To the North, where the center of the building protrudes toward Ellis Avenue, is the squash court area in which the famous Chicago Pile number 1 was built, and achieved controlled, sustained nuclear fission, on December 2, 1942. [24] When he was working in Rome, Fermi had discovered that collisions between neutrons and neutron moderators can slow the neutrons down, and thereby make them more likely to be captured by uranium nuclei, causing the uranium to fission. In 1943, CP-1 was moved to Red Gate Woods, and reconfigured to become Chicago Pile-2 (CP-2). CP-2 had a thermal- power level of 10 kW and was fueled by natural uranium. 103rd and Doty Avenue is open 7am-5pm, Monday - Saturday. Had Fermi and Szilard not consulted MacPherson and Hamister, they might have concluded, incorrectly, as the Germans did, that graphite was unsuitable for use as a neutron moderator. Please direct all sales inquiries to Sales@chicagotube.com We Are Ready To Serve You From The Following Convenient Locations: Chicago/Romeoville One Chicago Tube Drive Romeoville, IL 60446 815.834.2500 800.972.0217 Fax 815.588.3958 -directions and map Indianapolis 8651 Robbins Road Indianapolis, IN 46268 317.872.9999 800.428.1380 Fax 317.872.0642 Branch Website 2,708,656, Inducted in 1996", "U. of C. to Raze Stagg Field's Atomic Cradle", "First-Hand Recollections of the First Self-Sustaining Chain Reaction", "Milestone for new LEU research reactor fuel", Video of west stands of Stagg Field, Institute for the Study of Metals (Metallurgical Laboratory), Enrico Fermi, and an active experiment using CP-1, Audio files of Fermi recounting the success of the reactor on the 10th anniversary in 1952, Site of First Self-Sustaining Nuclear Reaction, Clarence Buckingham Memorial Fountain and Garden, Site of the Origin of the Chicago Fire of 1871, Illinois–Indiana State Line Boundary Marker, Immaculata High School and Convent Buildings, Main Building and Machinery Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology, Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies, National Register of Historic Places portal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicago_Pile-1&oldid=992263065, Energy infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places in Chicago, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first artificial, This page was last edited on 4 December 2020, at 10:39.

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