middle colonies population

The Middle Colonies tended to mix aspects of the New England and Southern Colonies. From 1692 to 1694, the revolution in England deprived Penn of the governance of his colony. The Charter of Privileges mandated fair dealings with American Indians. In 1776, Great Britain's population was roughly three times the size of the Colonies. In New York ‘s Hudson Valley, the Dutch established a poltroon system which resembled a feudal aristocracy with vast land grants. estimated population of american colonies: 1610 to 1780 : pp. The Mason-Dixon line is said to have legally resolved vague outlines between Maryland and Pennsylvania and awarded Delaware to Pennsylvania. American Indian tribes that had long occupied the area later to be conquered as the Middle Colonies included the Mohawk, Mahican, Algonquian Lenape, Wecquaesgeek, Hackensack, Raritan, Canarsee, Munsee, and Minquas. George Fox had founded the Society of Friends (commonly known as Quakers) in England in the late 1640s, having grown dissatisfied with Puritanism and the idea of predestination. The Duke of York and the King of England would later grant to others land which became the Provinces of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The Irish came to the early colonies because of potato famine. In 1665, the Concession and Agreement was written to entice settlers to New Jersey. If you would like to comment, contact us or like us on Facebook and tell us what you think. The Dutch soon claimed the land, and although the Swedes and the Dutch fought over the land in the 1630s, the Dutch ultimately claimed the land as New Netherland. In 1681, William Penn founded the Province of Pennsylvania, also known as Pennsylvania Colony, in British America by royal charter. As a consequence, early settlements of Germans from many different sects concentrated in the Middle Colonies. A deputy of the Duke governed Delaware from 1664 to 1682. *** Immigrants from Asia flocked to the Middle Colonies. The Middle Colonies included New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. A Presbyterian may be only a block away from a Quaker meeting house. In 1702, Queen Anne united West and East Jersey into one Royal Colony—the Province of New Jersey. From 1682 until 1776, it was part of the Penn proprietorship and was known as the Lower Counties. Society/Culture Delaware was at first an all white colony, however in years that came, delaware took on slaves, but in a small number. He decided to administer his government through governors, councils, and other officers appointed by him. It wasn’t until 1683, almost 20 years after the English took control of the colony, that colonists were able to convene a local representative legislature. Delaware, however, would eventually prove too independent, leading to the ultimate separation from Pennsylvania and unique pioneer status as America’s first state, tied to neither province’s destiny. The Charter of Privileges extended religious freedom to all monotheists, and the government was initially open to all Christians. They were noted for tight-knit religious communities, which were often Lutheran. Families generally held and worked plots of between 40 and 160 acres. Among the first settlers were the Mennonites, who founded Germantown in 1683, and the Amish, who established the Northkill Amish Settlement in 1740. The Middle Colonies were the most ethnically diverse British colonies in North America, with settlers coming from all parts of Europe—many as indentured servants. The Quakers had previously treated American Indians with respect, bought land from them voluntarily, and even had representation of American Indians on juries. Chartered in 1614, New Amsterdam was a colonial province of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. While the majority of residents lived in towns with individual landholdings of 100 acres, a few rich proprietors owned vast estates. These colonies were created to be more tolerant to various religious beliefs, and the population grew to include a variety of backgrounds such as Italian, Germans, Dutch, French, Danes, Swedish, Norwegians, Poles, and Portuguese. Constant poverty in Scotland caused a large migration in the middle of the 18th century. The Middle Colonies tended to mix aspects of the New England and Southern Colonies. Much of the territory was quickly divided after 1675, leading to the distribution of land into large tracts that later led to real estate speculation and subdivision. The border between the two sections reached the Atlantic Ocean to the north of Atlantic City. James II later granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had been loyal to him through the English Civil War. They gained the name Quakers because they were said to quake when the inner light moved them. The colonial administrators claimed that they had a deed dating to the 1680s, in which the Lenape-Delaware had promised to sell a portion of land beginning between the junction of the Delaware River and Lehigh River, near present Wrightstown, Pennsylvania. In 1664, he granted the land to his brother, the Duke of York, before officially owning it. American colonies, the 13 British colonies that were established during the 17th and early 18th centuries in the area that is now a part of the eastern United States. After decades of war in the 1600s, the powerful Five Nations of the Iroquois, composed of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca, successfully pursued a policy of neutrality with both the English and, to the north, the French in Canada during the first half of the 1700s. Colonies in Northern America. Peter led the colony beginning in 1647. Indentured servitude was especially common in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York in the 18th century, though few such servants worked in agriculture. This land grant became the Province of New Jersey. Other important industries included printing, publishing, and the related industry of papermaking. Ex. The populations of four Colonies—Virginia, Massachusetts, North Carolina and New York—do not include certain territorial claims that became separate states after the Revolution. CC licensed content, Specific attribution, http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indentured_servant, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_colonies, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Netherland, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20England%20Confederation, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Middle_Colonies_USA.svg, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Amsterdam, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States%23New_Netherland, http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/US_History/English_Colonies%23New_Netherland, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Netherland, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Anglo-Dutch%20War, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty%20of%20Westminster, http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/New_Amsterdam, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manatvs_gelegen_op_de_Noot_Riuier.jpg, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Colony, http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:ZC7sZcO-@3/Charles-II-and-the-Restoration, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Penn, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower%20Counties, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Birth_of_Pennsylvania_1680_cph.3g07157.jpg, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Colonies%23Demographics, http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch, http://books.google.com/books?id=GFNJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA170&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U24DCz_974ZR0MnJwEWZaA2zaSTKg&ci=120,404,747,248&edge=0. The American Indian tribes in the area that would be taken by Europeans as New Netherland included Algonquian, Mohawks, Mahican, Wecquaesgeek, Hackensack, Raritan, Canarsee, Tappan, and Minquas. Indentured servitude was especially common in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York in the 18th century, though fewer worked in agriculture. Compare the culture of the Middle Colonies with that of other English colonies. Delaware Colony became a region of the Province of Pennsylvania, although never legally a separate colony. This document provided for religious freedom, no taxes without assembly approval, and a governor appointed by the proprietors. As they did in other zones of colonization, indigenous peoples played a key role in shaping the history of colonial New York. The political division existed from 1674 to 1702. They were erroneously labeled the Pennsylvania Dutch and comprised one-third of the population by the time of the American Revolution. Henry Hudson explored the Middle Colonies on a journey into the Hudson River and Delaware Bay in 1609. By 1750, the combined populations of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania had reached nearly 300,000 people after an influx of German, Swiss, and Irish immigrants. German immigration greatly increased around 1717, and many immigrants began coming from the Rhineland in western Germany. New Netherland became a province of the Dutch Republic in 1624. The Dutch, through their trade of manufactured goods with the Iroquois and Algonquians, presumed they had exclusive rights to farming, hunting, and fishing in the region. The Middle Colonies. King James II granted the land between the Hudson and Delaware rivers to two friends and named it New Jersey after the island of Jersey. Despite Quaker opposition to slavery, by 1730 colonists had brought about 4,000 slaves into Pennsylvania. 1168 : hs/us vol.2 : colony: 1780: 1770: 1760: 1750 The 1790 number is the official count in the first national census undertaken by the federal government under provisions of the Constitution of 1787. Munsee inhabited the Highlands, Hudson Valley, and northern New Jersey, while Minquas, also known as the Susquehannocks, lived west of the Zuyd River along and beyond the Susquehanna River. Landholdings were generally farms of 40 to 160 acres, owned by the family that worked them. Jack E. Maxfield, America: A.D. 1601 to 1700. By 1685 … The Middle Colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware were founded in the early to late 1600s depending on the colony. The Middle Colonies held a population of about 65,000, compared to New England’s 120,000 and the Southern Colonies’ 77,000. Despite Quaker opposition to slavery, by 1730, colonists had brought about 4,000 slaves into Pennsylvania. Seeking to enter the fur trade, the Dutch cultivated close relations with the Five Nations of the Iroquois. Quakers were the primary settlers of Pennsylvania. Virginia, Massachusetts, Maryland, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, the Carolinas and Georgia were all founded by Englishmen, settled by people of English descent and remained under English control throughout the colonial period. The 13 Colonies by population in 1770 As the Revolution approached, this is how the Colonies ranked in size. True or false. After Charles II came to the throne, the English became very interested in the Dutch holdings. Delawareans would meet in New Castle and Pennsylvanians would gather in Philadelphia. The Dutch West India Company introduced slavery to New Netherland in 1625. They primarily pushed farther into the western frontier of the colonies, where they repeatedly confronted American Indians. Americans have often prided themselves on their rich diversity. In 1776, during the American Revolution, the Middle Colonies became independent of Britain as the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware. The population of Delaware was not extremely different, the colonies consisted of English, Dutch, and Swedish settlers.The majority of the colony spoke English. Over the next few decades, wars with the American Indians erupted, as well as conflicts with the English. The two proprietors of New Jersey attempted to augment their colony’s population by granting sections of lands to settlers and by passing a document granting religious freedom to all inhabitants of New Jersey. Manhattan flourished under the Dutch. Since the area’s settlement, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic and religious diversity. In the end, the Penns gained 1,200,000 acres of land in what is now northeastern Pennsylvania, an area roughly equivalent to the size of the state of Rhode Island. The assembly’s 1683 Charter of Liberties and Privileges set out the traditional rights of Englishmen, like the right to trial by jury and the right to representative government. These immigrants traveled to all of the colonies, but the Middle Colonies attracted the most and continued to be more ethnically diverse than the other colonies. American Indian tribes had long occupied the area that was conquered as the British Middle Colonies. Society in the middle colonies was far more varied, cosmopolitan and tolerant than in New England. Slaves could testify in court, sign legal documents, and bring civil actions against whites. The document was most likely a forgery; nonetheless, the Provincial Secretary set in motion a plan to grab as much land as possible. In an early attempt to encourage European settlement, the New Jersey legislature enacted a prohibitive tariff against imported slaves and in favor of European indentured servitude. Broad navigable rivers like the Susquehanna, the Delaware, and the Hudson attracted diverse business, and New York and Philadelphia became important ports. Under his guidance, Pennsylvania functioned smoothly and grew rapidly. When the colony fell to the British, the Company freed all of its slaves, establishing early on a nucleus of free Africans in the Northeast. This led to significantly better relations with the local tribes such as the Lenape and Susquehanna than most other colonies had. Penn had a hard time governing Delaware because the economy and geology were largely the same as that of the Chesapeake, rather than that of his Pennsylvania territory. The industry and farming skills they brought with them helped solidify the Middle Colonies’ prosperity. European ethnic groups as manifold as English, Swedes, Dutch, Germans, Scots-Irish and French lived in closer proximity than in any location on continental Europe. The colony and city were renamed New York in his honor. When William Penn received his land grant of Pennsylvania in 1681, he received the Delaware area from the Duke of York and dubbed it “The Three Lower Counties on the Delaware River.” In 1701, after he had troubles governing the ethnically diverse Delaware territory, Penn agreed to allow it a separate colonial assembly. Identify the cultural groups that made up the Middle Colonies. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The Middle Colonies later became the states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. Nowhere was that diversity more evident in pre-Revolutionary America than in the middle colonies of Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. The Pennsylvania Assembly took this opportunity to request expanded power for elected officials. Quakers rejected the idea of worldly rank, believing instead in a new and radical form of social equality. William named the capital of his colony as Philadelphia. A: Most people in the middle colonies were Puritan. In 1737, the Colony spent a great deal of its political goodwill with the native Lenape in pursuit of more land. Towns in these colonies often had more than one kind of church. The Middle Colonies were more diverse than colonies in New England and the South. Licenses and Attributions CC licensed content, Shared previously A small proportion of the English population migrated to British North America after 1700, but the colonies attracted new immigrants from other European countries. Quakers initially interacted respectfully with the Lenape and Susquehanna; however, future quests for land by the British government led to violence and hostility. New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scottish Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants. During the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1664–1667), English forces gained control of the Dutch fur trading colony of New Netherland, and in 1664, Charles II gave this colony (including present-day New Jersey) to his brother James, Duke of York (later James II). The Duke of York never visited his colony, named New York in his honor, and exercised little direct control over it. Delaware changed hands between the Dutch and Swedes between 1631 and 1655. To learn more about the history of this period, have a look at the following books: The Thirteen Colonies; The History of the Thirteen Colonies of North America 1497-1763; A … Charles II of England set his sights on the Dutch colony of New Netherland. The Quakers also refused to provide any assistance to New England’s Indian wars. Although enslaved, the Africans had a few basic rights and families were usually kept intact. European colonization of New Jersey started soon after the 1609 exploration of its coast and bays by Henry Hudson. In 1609, Henry Hudson, an English explorer, was hired by the Flemish Protestants running the Dutch East India Company in Amsterdam to find a northeast passage to Asia. While both the New England colonies and the southern colonies were settled by an overwhelmingly British population, usually with roots in some branch of the Church of England, the middle colonies welcomed a far more diverse population, both from within Britain and from across Europe. The 1776 population figure is a separate Census Bureau estimate. The most populous of the Middle colonies was Pennsylvania, other colonies were settled rather haphazardly over the course of … Joan Vinckeboons (Johannes Vingboon), “Manatvs gelegen op de Noot Riuier”, 1639: In this map (c. 1639), Manhattan is situated on the North River. Turned back by the ice of the Arctic, Hudson sailed up the major river that would later bear his name. 1) Why did the Middle colonies have the most diverse population in colonial America? By 1780, about 17% of the population in New York were descendants of Dutch settlers; the rest were mostly English with a wide mixture of other Europeans and about 6% Africans. The American Indians, while willing to share the land with the Europeans, did not expect or intend to leave or give up access, however. The “Holy Experiment” was an attempt by the Religious Society of Friends to establish a community in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania became a leading exporter of wheat, corn, rye, hemp, and flax, making it the leading food producer in North America from 1725 to 1840. As the colonies were established throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the population grew immensely, starting at just 2,000 people and rising to over 2 million. The Treaty of Penn with the Indians: Benjamin West’s painting (in 1771) of William Penn’s 1682 treaty with the Lenni Lenape. The colonies grew both geographically and numerically from the time of their founding to the American Revolution (1775–81). In New York's Hudson Valley, however, the Dutch patroons operated very large landed estates and rented land to tenant farmers. The Dutch colony of New Netherland was taken by the British in the 17th century and later became the colonies of New York and New Jersey. New Jersey and Delaware had a majority British population as well, with 7–11% German-descended colonists, about a 6% African population, and a small contingent of Swedish descendants. Because of various colonial masters in the area, religious traditions from many European countries existed in the area. Another important person is captain Henry Hudson who discovered the Hudson river. The Scots-Irish also began immigrating to the Middle Colonies in waves after 1717. In many ways, Pennsylvania and Delaware owed their initial success to William Penn. The middle colonies attracted a large population of ethnic and religious diversity. The British Are Coming. It also encouraged the rapid growth of Philadelphia into America’s most important city, and of the Pennsylvania Dutch Country hinterlands, where German religions and political refugees prospered on the fertile soil and spirit of cultural creativeness. For the capital they chose the island of Manhattan, located at the mouth of the river explored by Hudson, which at that time was called the North River. In 1701, it gained a separate assembly from the three upper counties but continued to have the same governor as the rest of Pennsylvania. Yesterday, Today & Tomorrow: History Matters! New Jersey remained agrarian and rural throughout the colonial era, and commercial farming developed only sporadically. Early European colonists in the Middle Colonies included Germans, Scotch-Irish, French Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Swiss, and Scots Highlanders. Located in the middle of the Atlantic seaboard, their economies combined the industry of the North with the agriculture of the South. The religion of the Middle Colonies, as one would expect, was diverse. The colony’s land was periodically granted to various proprietors and split into the Province of New York and the Province of Pennsylvania. Some townships emerged as important ports for shipping to New York and Philadelphia. The Pennsylvania Gradual Abolition Act of 1780 was the first attempt to abolish slavery in the colonies. It encompassed parts of the later states of New Jersey, Delaware, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. This diversity started at the early years of the colonies. The colonial government, established in 1682 by Penn’s Frame of Government, consisted of an appointed governor, the proprietor, a Provincial Council, and a larger General Assembly. King Charles II granted the land for the Pennsylvania Colony to William Penn in 1681 as payment for a debt the crown owed his family. The largest of these estates, at 160,000 acres, was given to Robert Livingston in 1686. The middle colonies had a more diverse population -apex!! Landholdings were generally farms of 40 to 160 acres (16–65 hectares), owned by the family that worked it. How were people in the middle colonies different from those in the New England and southern colonies? People moved to the Middle Colonies from New England to escape religious persecution. While the Middle Colonies had far more industry than the Southern Colonies, they still did not rival the industry of New England. The Middle Colonies were more cosmopolitan and tolerant than the New England colonies. The Middle Colonies were more ethnically diverse than elsewhere in British North America and were somewhat more socially tolerant. English Quakers and Anglicans owned large landholdings. The Middle colonies consisted of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and Delaware. Increasing encroachment by European settlers led to the early stages of violent conflict. During this time, many American Indians were displaced. 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